Cataract Indonesia Highest in Southeast Asia

Indonesia has the highest number of cataract patients in Southeast Asia. Of the approximately 234 million inhabitants, 1.5 per cent or more than three million people suffer from cataracts. Most people have not been able to do surgery that cost about USD 4-5 million.

It is said Chairman of Indonesian Association of Doctors Eye Specialist (PERDAMI) dr Jateng Inakawati SPM on the sidelines of Cataract Surgery at Mass General Hospital (RSU) William Booth Town

Most cataract patients are elderly aged 60 years and over. "Elderly who suffered blindness due to cataract could not be independent and rely on younger people to take care of himself," said Inakawati.

Figures for cataract patients in Indonesia is the highest in Southeast Asia, because people's purchasing power is very low that could not finance the operations of USD 4-5 million range. In addition, medical ophthalmologist limited in number, so that u can not menjangka Indonesia's vast area.

The reason for this is to encourage public hospitals William Booth, PERDAMI, Rotary Club of Hyderabad Central, and the Indonesian Doctors Association (IDI) Region Central Java held a mass cataract operation for 50 elderly people can not afford.

"Under the funding of the Rotary Club of Korea, RSU William Booth PERDAMI with about 15 doctors operated on the runners," said Dr. Sri Kadarsih, Deputy Director William Booth Hospital. Mass cataract surgery was also performed to commemorate the 93 years William Booth Hospital, and 100 years of IDI.

In this operation, the eye lens 50 elderly people who turbid and cause blindness replaced by intra oculi lens (IOL), so that the elderly can get back to normal vision. "For people not able to, this is very meaningful, because cataract surgery is very expensive, around USD 4-5 million," said Kadarsih.

In addition, according Inakawati, cataract surgery to help the elderly to be independent in old age. "Productivity of younger family members are also not perturbed by the elderly can take care of themselves, even the elderly can be re-productive because it can work," said Inakawati.

According to him, the cause of cataracts is aging or degeneration, diabetes, and malnutrition. People with diabetes may develop cataracts at a relatively young age, about 40 years. In addition to trigger cataracts, diabetes is also the cause of a number of other eye diseases.

Mass cataract surgery will be held again on May 17, 2008 at RSU William Booth. There is still a chance for patients with cataract in Central Java who want to register. We restricted our Participants 150 people. Until now we have netted 111 cataract patients, said Sri Kadarsih.

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There are 210 Thousand Cataract Patients Each Year

Data According to the World Health Organization / WHO, 1.5 percent of the population in Indonesia is experiencing blindness, and one of the causes of blindness are cataract (disorder in the lens of the eye). At present every year in Indonesia there are 210,000 people suffering from cataracts.

"Right now people in Indonesia live longer, so cataract patients will multiply," said Health Minister Siti Fadilah Supari when opening declaration Matahati Social Program - Health Care Eye in Mangga Dua Square Jakarta, Sunday (3 / 8).

According to Health Minister Siti Fadilah, even as much as 10 percent of school-age children 5-15 years suffer refraction and wear glasses. "Though not all children are able to buy glasses," said Minister of Health who see positive social service programs such as this.

Figures for blindness by 1.5 per cent of Indonesia's population it is a social issue that can not be solved by government alone. "So I am grateful to all those who helped to reduce cataract patients. Blindness due to cataracts can be treated with surgery and planting of the lens, so they will be able to see again," said Minister of Health.

The event is a collaboration Kompas Gramedia, Indonesia Lions Foundation, Eye Specialist Doctors Association of Indonesia, the Day of Guo Ji Ri Bao and Mangga Dua Square Jakarta, and is supported by the Jakarta Eye Center, Eye Hospital Nusantara, RS Pondok Indah Jakarta, RS Mata Aini.



Join prevent

President Commissioner of Kompas Gramedia Jakob Oetama states, many cataract patients who require assistance. "We will help prevent blindness by asking the help of entrepreneurs," said Jakob Oetama.

Jakob Oetama also cites a statement that a developed nation because there is a concern, solidarity among all citizens. Task of overcoming the problem of blindness due to cataract could not be simply done by the government, but the parties who feel called to give assistance. In a plural society, social care could become the nation kinship.

"Kricikan (small shower) can be Grojogan (large shower). Starting from the small, grow, and become something extraordinary. I as one of the administrators Matahati expressed gratitude to Minister of Health, even on Sundays still willing to attend," said Jakob Oetama.

Campaign and announce the Eye Health program is important because eye health and blindness prevention and treatment has not been a priority in the maintenance of eye health. Moreover, the majority of those who are experiencing vision problems come from the less able.

For cataract patients, for example, many people are less able to pay the USD $ 3-7 million for eye surgery. As a result of cataract patients can be cured every year, just 80,000 people, while from year to year, the greater the accumulation of patient blindness.

Therefore, these social programs aimed at those less fortunate. They can do a free eye exam and register for cataract surgery.

Target until the end of 2008 can operate on 5,000 people. Until yesterday already enrolled 450 patients, according to Chairman of the Committee Matahati Sularto St.

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Origin and Contact Lens Eye Surgery

OPERATION eye of cataract surgery was first performed in 1748 by Jacques Daviel (1693-1762), an ophthalmologist in the Kingdom of King Louis XV of France. Jacques dissected lenses of cataracts  from the cornea. There is no substance tranquilizer  used in the operation.

Spanish ophthalmologist Ignacio Barraquer Barraquer (1884-1965) seeking cataract removal operation in 1917 with suction.

Other technologies are contact lenses that made ​​his sketch of Leonardo da Vinci in 1508. He painted several types of contact lenses. After that, various attempts were made to make contact lenses. Even Rene Descartes (1596-1650) participating in the various experiments.

However, the first contact lenses that are sold to the public was introduced by William Feinbloom, a optometris from New York, United States in 1936.

Furthermore, the contact lens with double focus (bifokus-red) is available to the public in 1982.

Source: The Book of Origins, by Trevor Homer, Penguin Books, London, 2007 and various sources

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Threats Against Blindness at Age Dusk

Cataract is one threat to people whose age began stepping dusk. Although it could also attack children, cataracts are mostly attacking someone who was already in over 50 years.

Do not underestimate this one disease. Cataracts are the number one eye disease that causes blindness in Indonesia. "Blindness caused by cataract reached 60 percent," War Istiantoro, Director of the Jakarta Eye Center.

According to records Upik Mahna Goddard, Doctors Eye Clinic Eye Specialists of the archipelago, the rate of blindness in Indonesia today to 1.5 percent of the total population of Indonesia. That is, from 220 million people of Indonesia about 3.3 million of whom suffer from blindness.

Then, what the heck, cataract that? Cataract is a condition in which the natural lens is transparent in bolamata turn into turbid. Keruhnya this lens cause light or shadow from the object viewed is not forwarded to the optic nerve.

As a result, patients could not see clearly, because the light is difficult to reach the retina. Even if up to, what appears is vague shadow on the retina.

Cataract themselves can be grouped based on the cause and level of maturity. Of cause, there are 4 types of cataract;

First, congenital cataracts. Cataracts are generally affects infants and children. This eye disorders arise as a baby in the womb or after birth because of infection or metabolic abnormalities during embryo formation.

Second, senile cataracts that arise because of aging or degenerative process. This type of cataract is a lot happening in Indonesia.

According Upik, persons aged 70 years and over most susceptible to cataracts. "Figures it happens about 90 percent," he added. That is, out of ten people aged over 70 years, nine of them cataract patients.

While the incident rate for the age of 50 years to 60 years namely 30%. and the age of 60 years-70 years by 60 percent.

Third, traumatic cataract. Trauma or direct injury to the eye. For example, hand blow can cause cataracts of this type.

Fourth, the cataracts complicated. Typically, this type of cataract occurs because of infection or certain diseases such as diabetes mellitus or hypertension.

In diabetes the body's metabolic disruption which causes a decrease in nutritional quality of the lens required. "As a result, cloudy eye lens so quickly," explained Upik.

Cataracts can not be treated

As according to the level of maturity, cataract or cataract imature divided into early, mature (mature cataract), and hipermature (very ripe). Maturity level is what affects the type of surgery that can be selected.

Unfortunately, patients are generally difficult to recognize the symptoms of this cataract disease attack. Because of this eye disorder not cause a feeling sore. Cataracts can only be seen with the help of slit lamp biomicroscope. "With that tool, the cataract-affected lens of the eye will appear white or dark brown in the middle of the child's eye or the pupil," said Tjahjono D. Gondhowiardho, Chairman of the Optometrist Association of Indonesia (PERDAMI).

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Eye lens aspirated, Cataract missing

Cataracts are of diseases that can not be cured. However, there is still no way to get rid, one by surgery or surgery.

"In that operation, the contents of a cloudy eye lens cleaner sucked up and replaced with an artificial lens or intraocular lens to be able to look back," said Goddard Upik Mahna, Doctors Eye Specialist Eye Clinic Archipelago. In this way people with cataracts can see clearly again.

In the world of medicine, has developed two kinds of cataract surgical techniques.

First, the technique of extracapsular cataract extraction (Ecce). This is the old technique in cataract surgery. Ecce technique performed by removing the lens of the eye is intact.

In this ECE technique, the doctor made an incision on the surface of the eye (near the cornea) of the size of the lens to be captured. For information, the size of the lens has a thickness of about 4 mm to 9 mm with a diameter of 7 mm. After the lens is removed, an artificial lens was installed to replace the original lens, right in the original position.

However, this technique is rarely performed due to starting wound healing process takes a long time. Additionally, surgery with Ecce only be done when the cataract is completely cooked, the cataract is at grade mature and hipermatur.

Second, the technique phacoemulsifikasi. Arguably these techniques are new. The difference with Ecce, phacoemulsifikasi technique did not make the cuts as wide as the size of the lens. Doctors only need a slice width of 1.4 mm to 2 mm to remove the lens.

The process by inserting a very small tool, such as needles, to destroy at once suck a cloudy lens. Furthermore, at the same lens that has been destroyed it sucked out with the aid of a liquid.

Phacoemulsifikasi technique has several advantages compared with Ecce. Obviously, the smaller cuts that did not take long for the recovery or recovery. "If the wound from Ecce techniques should be sewn so that it takes time to wound healing and recovery of sight about a week, this newer technique only takes one day," said Istiantoro, ophthalmologist and Director of the Jakarta Eye Center.

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Save Artificial Lens Cataract Patients

Technological advances are also accompanied by cataract surgery IOL manufacturing technology. Currently, artificial lens made of acrylic or silicone materials which can be folded to be inserted into the bag of the lens through a small incision wound. This type of artificial lens used in phacoemulsification surgery. IOL is a replacement lens that has been destroyed by phacoemulsification machines.

There are various types of artificial lenses that could be an option cataract patients. Basically, this type of IOL is divided into three major parts, namely: Namely, that have a single focus lens. Thus, the lens is implanted just to accommodate the sight distance, while to see a short distance glasses still need help.

There are two types of this single focus lens.

One, monofokus asferik IOL is an artificial lens to correct distant vision without the cylinder.

Two, IOL monofokus tonic, ie, artificial lens that can correct the cylinders, the eye before surgery. This lens can be used patients who had eye Carat cylinder before surgery.

* Accommodative IOL
Accommodative IOL is an artificial lens that is able to correct distance vision and dekat.Tapi, condition the patient does not have eye Carat cylinder. By using this accommodative IOL, vision patients will be back as when he is under 40 years old. Only drawback, once at close range correction, approximately at a distance of 30 cm, still not good.

* Multifocal IOL
If you want to get all three functions at once, ie, correcting long-distance, short distance, and close, defraktif multifocal IOL could be an option. But, for a short distance of more than 40 cm it is less good. Moreover, the "User multifocal lens will require adaptation of vision because the patient must select the near and far vision simultaneously," explained Istiantoro, eye specialist who is also Director of the Jakarta Eye Center.

Istiantoro words, the choice of appropriate IOL dependent routines of work and age of patients with cataract patients who need a very sharp vision for both near and far viewing distance, it will feel satisfied with lenses inultifokus

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